Homeowners Associations (HOAs): Everything You Need To Know

Thirty (30) percent of the U.S. population, or roughly 75.5 million people, reside in HOA communities according to the Foundation for Community Association Research and that number is expected to spike in 2024. Understanding Homeowners Associations (HOAs) is essential for anyone considering buying a property in an HOA-managed community.

This guide provides a comprehensive overview of HOAs, how much you can expect to pay in fees, the rules and regulations you'll need to follow, and the pros and cons of living in an HOA community. By gaining this knowledge, you'll be better equipped to make informed decisions, avoid potential pitfalls, and ensure that an HOA community is the right fit for your lifestyle and financial situation.

What is a Homeowners Association?

A Homeowners Association (HOA) is an organization in a subdivision, planned community, or condominium that makes and enforces rules for the properties and residents. Those who purchase property within an HOA's jurisdiction automatically become members and are required to pay dues, known as HOA fees. The primary purpose of an HOA is to maintain and enhance property values by ensuring the community adheres to certain standards.

An HOA is typically governed by a board of directors elected by the homeowners. The board is responsible for enforcing the community's rules, managing the HOA’s finances, and maintaining common areas. The governing documents, which include the Covenants, Conditions, and Restrictions (CC&Rs), bylaws, and rules and regulations, outline the HOA's authority and homeowners' responsibilities.

How Much Are HOA Fees?

HOA fees cover various expenses, such as maintaining common areas (e.g., landscaping, swimming pools, clubhouses), utilities for shared spaces, and insurance for the community. They should also fund reserve accounts for future repairs and improvements. The amount of the fee depends on the size of the community, the number and type of amenities, and the overall budget of the HOA.

HOA fees are typically paid monthly, quarterly, or annually. The HOA board reviews and adjusts the fees as needed, often requiring a vote from the members for significant increases. Increases can occur due to rising maintenance costs, new amenities, or replenishing reserve funds.

The average monthly HOA fee nationwide is $259 though these fees vary widely across the country. For instance, a small suburban community with minimal amenities might charge $100 per month. In contrast, a large urban condominium with extensive facilities like gyms, pools, and security services might charge upwards of $500 per month. It’s crucial to compare fees across different communities and understand what’s included.

HOA Rules, What to Expect?

Common Rules and Regulations

HOA rules can cover a wide range of topics, including property maintenance (e.g., lawn care, exterior paint colors), architectural guidelines (e.g., fences, additions), and community conduct (e.g., noise levels, pet restrictions). These rules aim to maintain a uniform appearance and high living standards within the community. In fact, 89% of homeowners in HOAs believe these rules help protect and increase property values.

Enforcement and Penalties

HOAs enforce rules through a structured process that usually starts with a warning, followed by fines for continued non-compliance. Serious violations or repeated offenses can lead to legal action. For example, if a homeowner paints their house a color not approved by the HOA, they might receive a notice to repaint it or face daily fines until the issue is resolved.

If homeowners cannot pay their HOA fees, the HOA can place a lien on the property, which might eventually lead to foreclosure. It’s essential to communicate with the HOA if financial difficulties arise, as some may offer payment plans or temporary relief options.

Pros and Cons of HOA

Advantages of Living in an HOA Community:

• Enhanced Property Values: HOAs maintain common areas and enforce rules that help retain or increase property values.
• Amenities and Services: Access to community amenities such as pools, parks, and security services that might be unaffordable otherwise.
• Conflict Resolutions: HOAs mediate disputes between neighbors, contributing to a harmonious living environment.
• Sense of Community: HOAs often organize community events and activities, fostering a sense of belonging and camaraderie among residents.

Disadvantages and Challenges:

• Restrictions: HOAs impose rules that limit how you can use and modify your property, which might feel restrictive.
• Costs: Monthly or annual fees add to the overall cost of homeownership and can increase over time. Plus, many HOA dues have risen along with inflation and are likely to continue to increase.
• Risk of Foreclosure: Failure to pay HOA fees can result in liens against your property and potentially lead to foreclosure if the debt remains unpaid.
• Special Assessment Fees: In addition to regular fees, HOAs may levy special assessments to cover unexpected expenses or major projects, which can be a financial burden for homeowners.

Tips for Buying a Property in an HOA Community

Research and Due Diligence

Before purchasing a property in an HOA community, thoroughly review the governing documents, including the CC&Rs, bylaws, and rules. Understand the scope of the HOA’s authority and your obligations as a homeowner. Investigate the HOA's financial health by examining recent budgets, reserve funds, and any outstanding debts.

Understanding the Community

Assess whether the community’s rules align with your lifestyle. For example, if you have pets, ensure the HOA’s pet policies are suitable. Speak with current residents to gain insight into their experiences with the HOA.

Legal and Professional Advice

Consult with a real estate agent or attorney familiar with HOAs. They can provide valuable advice and identify potential red flags. A detailed property inspection is also crucial to ensure that the home complies with HOA standards and to understand what maintenance is covered by the HOA.

Final Thoughts

Homeowners Associations (HOAs) significantly impact residential communities through regulatory oversight and maintenance services. Understanding HOA fees, rules, and governance structures is essential for informed property investment decisions. If you are considering purchasing a property within an HOA community, this guide provides an overview to assist you in evaluating the benefits and challenges.

Don’t hesitate to reach out for personalized advice and assistance with finding the perfect HOA community. Together, we can navigate the complexities of HOAs and find a home that meets your needs and preferences.